xfs: update and factor xfs_trans_committed()

The function header to xfs-trans_committed has long had this
comment:

 * THIS SHOULD BE REWRITTEN TO USE xfs_trans_next_item()

To prepare for different methods of committing items, convert the
code to use xfs_trans_next_item() and factor the code into smaller,
more digestible chunks.

Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>