mm: protect against PTE changes done by dup_mmap()

Vinayak Menon and Ganesh Mahendran reported that the following scenario may
lead to thread being blocked due to data corruption:

    CPU 1                   CPU 2                    CPU 3
    Process 1,              Process 1,               Process 1,
    Thread A                Thread B                 Thread C

    while (1) {             while (1) {              while(1) {
    pthread_mutex_lock(l)   pthread_mutex_lock(l)    fork
    pthread_mutex_unlock(l) pthread_mutex_unlock(l)  }
    }                       }

In the details this happens because :

    CPU 1                CPU 2                       CPU 3
    fork()
    copy_pte_range()
      set PTE rdonly
    got to next VMA...
     .                   PTE is seen rdonly          PTE still writable
     .                   thread is writing to page
     .                   -> page fault
     .                     copy the page             Thread writes to page
     .                      .                        -> no page fault
     .                     update the PTE
     .                     flush TLB for that PTE
   flush TLB                                        PTE are now rdonly

So the write done by the CPU 3 is interfering with the page copy operation
done by CPU 2, leading to the data corruption.

To avoid this we mark all the VMA involved in the COW mechanism as changing
by calling vm_write_begin(). This ensures that the speculative page fault
handler will not try to handle a fault on these pages.
The marker is set until the TLB is flushed, ensuring that all the CPUs will
now see the PTE as not writable.
Once the TLB is flush, the marker is removed by calling vm_write_end().

The variable last is used to keep tracked of the latest VMA marked to
handle the error path where part of the VMA may have been marked.

Change-Id: I3fe07109e27d8f77c9b435053567fe5c287703aa
Reported-by: Ganesh Mahendran <opensource.ganesh@gmail.com>
Reported-by: Vinayak Menon <vinmenon@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Laurent Dufour <ldufour@linux.ibm.com>
Link: https://www.spinics.net/lists/linux-mm/msg171207.html


Patch-mainline: linux-mm@ Fri, 18 Jan 2019 17:24:16
Signed-off-by: Charan Teja Reddy <charante@codeaurora.org>