logd: optimize code hotspots

Discovered that we had a few libc hotspots. Adjust code to generally
reduce or nullify the number of calls to malloc, free, strlen,
strcmp, strncmp, memcmp & strncasecmp. Total gain looks to be about
3% of logd's processing time. malloc still contributes to 3%, but all
others are now total 0.5%.

Bug: 23685592
Change-Id: Ife721121667969260cdb8b055524ae90f5911278