sdcard: Fix compilation with FUSE_TRACE == 1.

"PRI{u,x}64" was not compiling on C++ because of macro expansions.
Implement DLOG the same way DCHECK is implemented in
<android-base/logging.h>, and mechanically replace the problematic
lines with C++ logging. Remaining TRACE() lines will be replaced in a
follow-up CL.

Bug: 30222003

Change-Id: I377a91722eb4c035093fc96b79438c4f638b9a45