MapClientStateMachineTest: use FlagsParameterization and @EnableFlags

Update MapClientStateMachineTest to current best practices with Flags,
specifically:

1. Use FlagsParameterization to test combinations of different flags, on
   tests that do not have a big behavior change and need to test both
   "On" and "Off" states of flags.

2. Use @EnableFlags annotation on tests that have a behavior change.
   (Note: there's no corresponding @DisableFlags tests because there's
   no change in behavior when the flag is "Off", and no applicable new
   tests to add for the "Off" case).

Bug: 352101390
Bug: 322023693
Bug: 317400386
Test: atest MapClientStateMachineTest
Flag: com.android.bluetooth.flags.handle_delivery_sending_failure_events
Change-Id: I5bb415c658d5149e7e624d417b0214c42ac2ddeb