Change BTIF_STORAGE_GET_(ADAPTER|REMOTE)_PROP macro to function

The REMOTE macro currently doesn't support returning the result
(success/failure) of getting the property value from storage. This
info is needed, otherwise we can't distinguish between no value and
wrong value.

As there is a TODO to update the macro to function, rather than
updating the current macro to support the use case, just modify them
into functions instead.

Bug: 240782193
Tag: #floss
Test: None

Change-Id: I46433e9aca1f9c1fc59f947a07147e37b6a48084