le_periodic_sync_manager: Handle command statuses

If commands are not executed successfully, we have to
recover from that state by inform upper layer and
advance the request (remove the current).

Bug: 330492580
Bug: 331167629
Test: atest PeriodicSyncManagerTest --host
Change-Id: Id3cdb143d832d6b01d126fcd48f2000c6533c306