AdapterProperties: Logging and logic refactor

* Add more logging in AdapterProperties to track profile and adapter
  connection state changes
* Removed unnecessary actions in AdapterProperties intent filter
* Use switch instead of if-else-if statements in AdapterProperties
  broadcast receiver

Bug: 65591907
Test: make, pair with Bluetooth devices
Change-Id: I105e718d9c5c698bddd6a5d1ce60b2826e6e5f85
(cherry picked from commit 01332bf3)