Add permission check to Intents used by Authenticator Settings.

Setting shares system uid and can be used to bypass different security
checks.
We add proper handling for intents which resolve toexported=true
activities with permission filed.
Added nested preferences filtering.

Bug: 33123882
Test: manual tests
Change-Id: Ib5bab7989fc44b4391f9050c6b18f81c58c09cf6