packages/apps/Settings: Set LOCAL_SDK_VERSION where possible. DO NOT MERGE

This change sets LOCAL_SDK_VERSION for all packages where
this is possible without breaking the build, and
LOCAL_PRIVATE_PLATFORM_APIS := true otherwise.

Setting one of these two will be made required soon, and this
is a change in preparation for that. Not setting LOCAL_SDK_VERSION
makes the app implicitly depend on the bootclasspath, which is
often not required. This change effectively makes depending on
private apis opt-in rather than opt-out.

Test: make relevant packages
Bug: 73535841