CarrierMessagingService: Add gated support for granular errors for SMS

flow

When enabled, result codes from CarrierMessagingService are attached to the SmsTracker so they can be propagated through to final result processing. Those codes are converted to SmsManager codes to return to the caller.

Bug: 326610112
Test: atest GsmSmsDispatcherTest
Flag:
com.android.internal.telephony.flags.temporary_failures_in_carrier_messaging_service

Change-Id: Iee0c5a150c335c4a3deb4a0b67c204b8c54a5df0