SF: Add ability to get basic geometry

For computing the layer visibility, CompositionEngine will need to get
basic geometry state for every layer, without getting everything. Add a
new request type for the basic geometry state, and modify the existing
code in computeVisibleRegions to use it rather than accessing directly
through the front-end layer pointer.

Test: atest libsurfaceflinger_unittest libcompositionengine_test
Test: go/wm-smoke
Bug: 121291683
Change-Id: Ie286fe1986a4c383ee390c1f646c7a8a5b8c14f4