Add new permission API to optimize permission request flow

This CL keeps the API hidden. The short goal for this change
is to short circuit (performance optimization) permission
request if the permission is permanently denied.

We can also make the API public to help apps imorove their
permission request flow. Today, apps uses custom logic and
local state to infer permanent denial. This API can simplify
it, and will encourage apps not store permission state locally.

Bug: 378923900
Test: presubmit
FLAG: EXEMPT hidden api
Change-Id: Iaf333e28c45b9cb6299892891ba6355af9580024