Reland "Add flag checks for DPM API calls"

This relands commit 63d15f25 which was reverted in commit 26c97275. The fix
ag/35145948 is added on the same topic and will be submittd together.

Bug: 439508098
Test: atest com.android.settings.enterprise.ActionDisabledByAdminDialogTest
Test: atest com.android.settings.accounts.ManagedProfileQuietModeEnablerTest
Change-Id: I3ced6038957dbfa908f6a9b0df866cc7dcfe9ad7