Add getSupplementaryAttestationInfo

Allows clients to retrieve information required to interpret certain
attested values found in the attestation certificate.

Currently only relevant for Tag::MODULE_HASH, for which it returns the
encoded structure whose hash ends up in the attestation certificate.

Bug: 369375199
Test: treehugger
API-Coverage-Bug: 378549695
Flag: android.security.keystore2.attest_modules
Flag: build.RELEASE_ATTEST_MODULES
Change-Id: I7195aaca849eb53e603565a470b780ba91b3ec2c
Merged-In: I2bac10ad148279ea3aa3907a982a3e598502c788
Ignore-AOSP-First: aosp/3341662 had an incorrect Merged-In and so didn't
  get merged to internal main properly.
(cherry picked from commit 245b8c64)