[CDM] Add last removed association to disk and DUMPSYS

Sample output:
Last Removed Association:
  1739904326244 shell Association{mId=3, mUserId=0, mPackageName='testapp', mDeviceMacAddress=aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff, mDisplayName='null', mDeviceProfile='null', mSelfManaged=false, mAssociatedDevice=null, mNotifyOnDeviceNearby=false, mRevoked=false, mPending=false, mTimeApprovedMs=Tue Feb 18 10:45:22 PST 2025, mLastTimeConnectedMs=None, mSystemDataSyncFlags=0, mDeviceId='null}

Bug: 381905348
Test: CTS + manual
Flag: EXEMPT bugfix
Change-Id: Ic3dc11ec0e6ecd0e3ab005e243e5e38f211d10a1