feat(expressive): Add more customization options in SliderPreference

These are all to match functionality previously available in
SeekBarPreference to unblock migration to SliderPreference:

- Allows callers to set custom touch and change listeners.
- Allows callers to set icon drawable & content description IDs at
  runtime, needed for non-XML (Catalyst) users of this preference.
- Allows callers to set a state description. This is necessary for
  sliders to share custom state with screen readers.
- Allows callers to access the underlying Slider widget.

Bug: 375168747
Test: used in com.android.settings.accessibility tests
Flag: EXEMPT refactor to unblock migration. This change is a no-op
      for callers that do not use the new methods.
Change-Id: I0ba2d5728983577d334545d9f3819ccffceb0f4c