Add a new association request failure code

1. Add the new association request failure codes
   RESULT_USER_REJECTED, RESULT_DISCOVERY_TIMEOUT
   RESULT_INTERNAL_ERROR

2. Add the new association failure reason:
   REASON_CANCELED, REASON_DISCOVERY_TIMEOUT,
   REASON_USER_REJECTED

The change helps to identify user's action that
the association request explicitly declined by the user

Test: atest CtsCompanionDeviceManagerCoreTestCases
      atest CtsCompanionDeviceManagerUiAutomationTestCases
      atest CtsOsTestCases:CompanionDeviceManagerTest

Bug: 223706865
Fix: 224559263
Change-Id: I50fe40780a977c5bbe0aac5b67e1925ea75058bb