Merge "NDK-r10c release notes (change log) for publication to NDK page on DAC." into lmp-dev

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page.title=Android NDK

@jd:body

$('#Downloads').after($('#download-table'));

</script>

<p>With NDK revision 9 and higher, the release packages have been split to reduce download size.

  The first download for each platform contains the default NDK toolchain. The additional download

  contains legacy NDK toolchains for that platform, which is only required if you are not using

  the current, recommended toolchain for your NDK builds.</p>

<h2 id="Revisions">Revisions</h2>

<p>The following sections provide information about releases of the NDK.</p>

 <p>

   <a href="#" onclick="return toggleContent(this)"> <img

     src="/assets/images/triangle-opened.png" class="toggle-content-img" alt=""

   >Android NDK, Revision 10c</a> <em>(October 2014)</em>

 </p>

 <div class="toggle-content-toggleme">

    <dl>

      <dt>Important changes:</dt>

      <dd>

      <ul>

 <li>Made the following changes to download structure:</li>

       <ul>

       <li>Each package now contains both the 32- and the 64-bit headers, libraries, and tools for

       its respective platform.</li>

       <li>STL libraries with debugging info no longer need be downloaded separately.</li>

       </ul>

  <li>Changed everything previously called <code>Android-L</code> to the official release

  designation: <code>android-21</code>.</li>

  <li>Updated GCC 4.9 by rebasing to the <code>google</code> branch

  of the GCC repository. Major differences from the upstream version of GCC 4.9 include:</li>

  <ul>

  <li>The <code>-O2</code> option now turns on vectorization, without loop peeling but with more

  aggressive unrolling.</li>

  <li>Enhancements to FDO and <a href="https://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/LightweightIpo#LIPO_-_Profile_Feedback_Based_Lightweight_IPO">

  LIPO</a></li>

  <p>For more detailed information, see <em>Important bug fixes</em> below.</p>

  </ul>

  <li>Added Clang 3.5 support to all hosts: <code>NDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION=clang</code>

  now picks Clang 3.5. Note that:</li>

  <ul>

  <li>ARM and x86 default to using the integrated assembler. If this causes issues, use

  <code>-fno-integrated-as</code> as a workaround.</code>

  <li>Clang 3.5 issues more warnings for unused flags, such as the <code>-finline-functions</code>

  option that GCC supports.</li>

  <p>When migrating from projects using GCC, you can use

  <code>-Wno-invalid-command-line-argument</code> and <code>-Wno-unused-command-line-argument</code>

  to ignore the unused flags until you're able decide on what to do with them longer-term.</p>

     </ul>

  <li>Made it possible to enter ART debugging mode, when debugging on an Android 5.0 device using

  ART as its virtual machine, by specifying the <code>art-on</code> option. For more information,

  see <code>prebuilt/common/gdb/common.setup</code> in the directory containing the NDK.</li>

  <li>Removed support for Clang 3.3.</li>

  <li>Deprecated GCC 4.6, and may remove it from future releases.</li>

  <li>Updated mclinker to 2.8 with Identical Code Folding ("ICF") support. Specify ICF using the

  <code>--icf</code> option.</li>

  <li>Broadened <code>arm_neon.h</code> support in x86 and x86_64, attaining coverage of ~93% of

  NEON intrinsics. For more information about NEON support:

     <ul>

     <li>Navigate to the NDK Programmer's Guide (<code>docs/Programmers_Guide/html/</code>), and see

     Architectures and CPUs > Neon.</li>

     <li>Examine the updated <code>hello-neon</code> sample in <code>samples/</code>.

     <li>See Intel's guide to <a href="https://software.intel.com/en-us/blogs/2012/12/12/from-arm-neon-to-intel-mmxsse-automatic-porting-solution-tips-and-tricks"> porting from ARM NEON to Intel SSE.</a></li>

     </ul>

  <li>Documented support for <code>_FORTIFY_SOURCE</code> in <code>headers/libs/android-21</code>,

  which appeared in r10 (when <code>android-21</code> was still called <code>Android-L</code>),

  but had no documentation.</li>

      </ul>

      </dd>

   <dl>

     <dt>Important bug fixes:</dt>

     <dd>

     <ul>

       <li>Fixed an internal compiler error with GCC4.9/aarch64 that was causing the following

       error message (Issue <a href="http://b.android.com/77564">77564</a>):</li>

<pre>

internal compiler error: in simplify_const_unary_operation, at simplify-rtx.c:1539

</pre>

       <li>Fixed incorrect code generation from GCC4.9/arm. (Issue

       <a href="http://b.android.com/77567">77567<a>)</li>

       <li>Fixed an internal compiler error with GCC4.9/mips involving inline-assembly. (Issue

       <a href="http://b.android.com/77568">77568</a>)</li>

       <li>Fixed incorrect code that GCC4.9/arm was generating for <code>x = (cond) ? y : x</code>.

       (Issue <a href="http://b.android.com/77569">77569</a>)</li>

       <li>Fixed GCC4.9/aarch64 and Clang3.5/aarch64 to work around the

       <a href="http://lists.cs.uiuc.edu/pipermail/cfe-commits/Week-of-Mon-20141006/116322.html">

       Cortex-A53 erratum (835769)</a>  by default.  Disable the workaround by specifying

       <code>-mno-fix-cortex-a53-835769</code>.</li>

     </ul>

     </dd>

     <dt>Other bug fixes:</dt>

     <dd>

     <ul>

     <li>Made the following header and library fixes to <code>android-21</code>:

        <ul>

        <li>Added more TV keycodes: <code>android/keycodes.h</code></li>

        <li>Added more constants and six new sensor functions to <code>android/sensor.h</code>:

        <code>ASensorManager_getDefaultSensorEx</code>, <code>ASensor_getFifoMaxEventCount</code>,

        <code>ASensor_getFifoReservedEventCount</code>, <code>ASensor_getStringType</code>,

        <code>ASensor_getReportingMode</code>, and <code>ASensor_isWakeUpSensor</code>.</li>

        <li>Fixed <code>stdatomic.h</code> to improve compatibility with GCC 4.6, and provide support

        for the <code>&lt;atomic&gt;</code> header.</li>

        <li>Added <code>sys/ucontext.h</code> and <code>sys/user.h</code> to all API levels. The

        <code>signal.h</code> header now includes <code>&lt;sys/ucontext.h&gt;</code>.  You may

        remove any existing definition of <code>struct ucontext</code>.</li>

        <li>Added <code>posix_memalign</code> to API levels 17, 18, and 19.</li>

        <li>Added the following functions to all architectures:

        <code>android_set_abort_message</code>, <code>posix_fadvise</code>,

        <code>posix_fadvise64</code>, <code>pthread_gettid_np</code>.</li>

        <li>Added the required permissions to the <code>native-media/AndroidManifest.xml</code>

        sample.

        (Issue <a href="https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/106640/">106640</a>)</li>

        <li>Added <code>clock_nanosleep</code> and <code>clock_settime</code> to API level 21. (Issue

        <a href="http://b.android.com/77372">77372</a>)

        <li>Removed the following symbols from all architectures:

        <code>get_malloc_leak_info</code>, <code>free_malloc_leak_info</code>,

        <code>__srget</code>, <code>__swbuf</code>, <code>__srefill</code>, <code>__swsetup</code>,

        <code>__sdidinit</code>, <code>__sflags</code>, <code>__sfp</code>,

        <code>__sinit</code>, <code>__smakebuf</code>, <code>__sflush</code>, <code>__sread</code>,

        <code>__swrite</code>, <code>__sseek</code>, <code>__sclose</code>,

        <code>_fwalk</code>, <code>__sglue</code>, <code>__get_thread</code>, <code>__wait4</code>,

        <code>__futex_wake</code>, <code>__open</code>, <code>__get_tls</code>,

        <code>__getdents64</code>, and <code>dlmalloc</code>.</li>

        <li>Removed the following functions from the 64-bit architectures: <code>basename_r</code>,

        <code>dirname_r</code>, <code>__isthreaded</code>, <code>_flush_cache</code> (mips64).</li>

        <li>Removed the following function from the 32-bit architectures:

        <code>__signalfd4</code>.</li>

        <li>Changed the type of the third argument from <code>size_t</code> to <code>int</code> in

        the following functions: <code>strtoll_l</code>, <code>strtoull_l</code>,

        <code>wcstoll_l</code>, and <code>wcstoull_l</code>.</li>

        <li>Restored the following functions to the 64-bit architecture: <code>arc4random</code>,

        <code>arc4random_buf</code>, and <code>arc4random_uniform</code>.</li>

        <li>Moved <code>cxa_*</code> and the <code>new</code> and <code>delete</code> operators back

        to <code>libstdc++.so</code>. This change restores r9d behavior; previous versions of r10

        contained dummy files.</li>

        </ul>

     <li>Restored MXU support in GCC 4.8 and 4.9 for mips. This support had been absent from

     r10 and r10b because those versions of GCC had been compiled with binutils-2.24, which did

     not support MXU. It now does.</li>

     <li>Fixed <code>--toolchain=</code> in <code>make-standalone-toolchain.sh</code> so that it

     now properly supports use of a suffix specifying a version of Clang.</li>

     <li>Fixed the libc++/armeabi <code>strtod()</code> functions.</li>

     <li>Made fixes to NDK documentation in <code>docs/</code>.</li>

     </ul>

     </dd>

     <dt>Other changes:</dt>

     <dd>

       <ul>

       <li>Enhanced <code>cpu-features</code> to detect ARMv8 support for the following

       instruction sets: AES, CRC32, SHA2, SHA1, and 64-bit PMULL/PMULL2. (Issue

       <a href="https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/106360/">106360</a>)</li>

       <li>Modified ndk-build to use <code>*-gcc-ar</code>, which is available in GCC 4.8, GCC 4.9, and

       Clang. Clang specifies it, instead of <code>*-ar</code>. This setting brings improved LTO

       support.</li>

       <li>Removed the <code>include-fixed/linux/a.out.h</code> and

       <code>include-fixed/linux/compiler.h</code> headers from the GCC compiler.

       (Issue <a href ="http://b.android.com/73728">73728</a>)</li>

       <li>Fixed an issue related to <code>-flto</code> with GCC 4.8 on Mac OS X. The error message

       read:</li>

       <pre>

.../ld: error: .../libexec/gcc/arm-linux-androideabi/4.9/liblto_plugin.so

Symbol not found: _environ

</pre>

       <li>Fixed a typo in <code>build-binary.mk.</code> (Issue

       <a href="http://b.android.com/76992">76992</a>)</li>

     </ul>

     </dd>

   <dt>Important known issues:</dt>

     <dd>

     <ul>

     <li>Specifying -Os (<code>-fauto-profile</code>) in GCC4.9 may cause crashing.

     (Issue <a href="http://b.android.com/77571">77571</a>)</li>

     </ul>

     </dd>

   </dl>

 </div>

</div>

<div class="toggle-content closed">

 <p>

   <a href="#" onclick="return toggleContent(this)"> <img

     src="/assets/images/triangle-closed.png" class="toggle-content-img" alt=""

   >Android NDK, Revision 10b</a> <em>(September 2014)</em>

 </p>

 <div class="toggle-content-toggleme">

     </dd>

     </ul>

   </dl>

 </div>

</div>

<div class="toggle-content closed">

 <p>

   <a href="#" onclick="return toggleContent(this)"> <img

Software Requirements</a>

  for the NDK, if you haven't already.</p>

  <p>To install the NDK, follow these steps:</p>

  <p>To install the NDK, first download the appropriate package from the table at the top of this

  page. Then, follow the procedure for your development platform:</p>

       <ul>

       <li>On Linux and Mac OS X (Darwin):

          <ul>

          <ol>

    <li>From the table at the top of this page, select the NDK package that is appropriate for your

    development computer and download the package.</li>

    <li>Uncompress the NDK download package using tools available on your computer. When

    uncompressed, the NDK files are contained in a directory called

          <li>Download the appropriate package from this page.</li>

          <li>Open a terminal window.</li>

          <li>Go to the directory to which you downloaded the package.</li>

          <li>Run <code>chmod a+x</code> on the downloaded package.</li>

          <li>Execute the package. For example:</li>

          <pre>

ndk$ chmod a+x android-ndk-r10c-darwin-x86_64.bin

ndk$ ./android-ndk-r10c-darwin-x86_64.bin

          </pre>

          <p>The folder containing the NDK extracts itself.</p>

          <p>Note that you can also use a program like 7z to extract the package.</p>

          </ol>

          </ul>

    <li>On Windows:</li>

       <ul>

       <ol>

       <li>Download the appropriate package from this page.</li>

       <li>Navigate to the folder to which you downloaded the package.</li>

       <li>Double-click the downloaded file. The folder containing the NDK extracts itself.</li>

       </ol>

       </ul>

     </ul>When uncompressed, the NDK files are contained in a directory called

    <code>android-ndk-&lt;version&gt;</code>. You can rename the NDK directory if necessary and you

    can move it to any location on your computer. This documentation refers to the NDK directory as

    <code>&lt;ndk&gt;</code>.</li>

  </ol>

    <code>&lt;ndk&gt;</code>.

  <p>You are now ready to start working with the NDK.</p>

  <h3 id="Tools">Development tools</h3>

  <p>The NDK includes a set of cross-toolchains (compilers, linkers, etc..) that can generate

  <p>The NDK includes a set of cross-toolchains (compilers, linkers, etc.) that can generate

  native ARM binaries on Linux, OS X, and Windows (with Cygwin) platforms.</p>

  <p>It provides a set of system headers for stable native APIs that are guaranteed to be supported