Offer API to detect ContentProvider ANRs.

If a system component calls to a remote provider, and that provider
hangs, we end up burning that Binder thread until the remote process
is killed for some unrelated reason.

This change adds an API to detect these hangs, and kill the remote
process after a specific timeout, but only when the caller holds a
permission that lets them kill other apps.

Bug: 117635768
Test: atest android.content.cts.ContentResolverTest
Change-Id: I81b0d993d9d585cdeb5e2559c68052ba6cbbced9