aaudio_loopback: rectify and low pass filter

Help the autocorrelator recognize the peaks easier.
Reduce false detection of suboctaves.

Better timing for devices with high latency.
Improve error reporting.
Set input capacity based on output burst.

Bug: 119032743
Test: see repro case in bug
Test: aaudio_loopback -te -pl
Change-Id: I921c81db882f46ede8988cbdbebda0765e775086