Map valid slotId to index for mPhoneIdToSlotId

- Store the valid slotId in mPhoneIdToSlotId when
GET_SIM_STATUS provides a physicalSlotIndex that
is not equal to INVALID_SLOT_ID.

Bug: 74016297
Test: manual, ensure crash does not occur if GET_SLOT is not implemented
Change-Id: Iece3ee00132d923a24c12faf74b438d006e5e4e8