Permission READ_PRECISE_PHONE_STATE implementation polish

- Update the javadoc for all APIs that require this permission.
- Allow apps with carrier previleges to call the APIs without
permission.
- Add CTS test cases to verify that SecurityException thrown if call
the APIs without permission.

Bug: 146383220
Test: atest TelephonyRegistryTest PhoneStateListenerTest
Change-Id: I857a7cea182c580c56a8db7d9a49e2481f66a6da