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Commit 337c188d authored by Mauro Carvalho Chehab's avatar Mauro Carvalho Chehab Committed by Jonathan Corbet
Browse files

admin-guide: move tainted kernels info to a separate file 



The tainted kernels info is not directly related to
the oops tracing. So, let's move it to a separate file.

Signed-off-by: default avatarMauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Signed-off-by: default avatarJonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
parent c730904b

Documentation/admin-guide/index.rst

+5 −4
Original line number Diff line number Diff line
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ problems and bugs in particular. 
   bug-hunting

   bug-bisect

   oops-tracing

   tainted-kernels

   ramoops

   dynamic-debug-howto

   init

Documentation/admin-guide/oops-tracing.rst

+0 −59
Original line number Diff line number Diff line
@@ -239,62 +239,3 @@ processed by ``klogd``:: 


---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tainted kernels

---------------



Some oops reports contain the string **'Tainted: '** after the program

counter. This indicates that the kernel has been tainted by some

mechanism.  The string is followed by a series of position-sensitive

characters, each representing a particular tainted value.



  1) 'G' if all modules loaded have a GPL or compatible license, 'P' if

     any proprietary module has been loaded.  Modules without a

     MODULE_LICENSE or with a MODULE_LICENSE that is not recognised by

     insmod as GPL compatible are assumed to be proprietary.



  2) ``F`` if any module was force loaded by ``insmod -f``, ``' '`` if all

     modules were loaded normally.



  3) ``S`` if the oops occurred on an SMP kernel running on hardware that

     hasn't been certified as safe to run multiprocessor.

     Currently this occurs only on various Athlons that are not

     SMP capable.



  4) ``R`` if a module was force unloaded by ``rmmod -f``, ``' '`` if all

     modules were unloaded normally.



  5) ``M`` if any processor has reported a Machine Check Exception,

     ``' '`` if no Machine Check Exceptions have occurred.



  6) ``B`` if a page-release function has found a bad page reference or

     some unexpected page flags.



  7) ``U`` if a user or user application specifically requested that the

     Tainted flag be set, ``' '`` otherwise.



  8) ``D`` if the kernel has died recently, i.e. there was an OOPS or BUG.



  9) ``A`` if the ACPI table has been overridden.



 10) ``W`` if a warning has previously been issued by the kernel.

     (Though some warnings may set more specific taint flags.)



 11) ``C`` if a staging driver has been loaded.



 12) ``I`` if the kernel is working around a severe bug in the platform

     firmware (BIOS or similar).



 13) ``O`` if an externally-built ("out-of-tree") module has been loaded.



 14) ``E`` if an unsigned module has been loaded in a kernel supporting

     module signature.



 15) ``L`` if a soft lockup has previously occurred on the system.



 16) ``K`` if the kernel has been live patched.



The primary reason for the **'Tainted: '** string is to tell kernel

debuggers if this is a clean kernel or if anything unusual has

occurred.  Tainting is permanent: even if an offending module is

unloaded, the tainted value remains to indicate that the kernel is not

trustworthy.

Documentation/admin-guide/tainted-kernels.rst

0 → 100644
+59 −0
Original line number Diff line number Diff line 
Tainted kernels

---------------



Some oops reports contain the string **'Tainted: '** after the program

counter. This indicates that the kernel has been tainted by some

mechanism.  The string is followed by a series of position-sensitive

characters, each representing a particular tainted value.



  1) 'G' if all modules loaded have a GPL or compatible license, 'P' if

     any proprietary module has been loaded.  Modules without a

     MODULE_LICENSE or with a MODULE_LICENSE that is not recognised by

     insmod as GPL compatible are assumed to be proprietary.



  2) ``F`` if any module was force loaded by ``insmod -f``, ``' '`` if all

     modules were loaded normally.



  3) ``S`` if the oops occurred on an SMP kernel running on hardware that

     hasn't been certified as safe to run multiprocessor.

     Currently this occurs only on various Athlons that are not

     SMP capable.



  4) ``R`` if a module was force unloaded by ``rmmod -f``, ``' '`` if all

     modules were unloaded normally.



  5) ``M`` if any processor has reported a Machine Check Exception,

     ``' '`` if no Machine Check Exceptions have occurred.



  6) ``B`` if a page-release function has found a bad page reference or

     some unexpected page flags.



  7) ``U`` if a user or user application specifically requested that the

     Tainted flag be set, ``' '`` otherwise.



  8) ``D`` if the kernel has died recently, i.e. there was an OOPS or BUG.



  9) ``A`` if the ACPI table has been overridden.



 10) ``W`` if a warning has previously been issued by the kernel.

     (Though some warnings may set more specific taint flags.)



 11) ``C`` if a staging driver has been loaded.



 12) ``I`` if the kernel is working around a severe bug in the platform

     firmware (BIOS or similar).



 13) ``O`` if an externally-built ("out-of-tree") module has been loaded.



 14) ``E`` if an unsigned module has been loaded in a kernel supporting

     module signature.



 15) ``L`` if a soft lockup has previously occurred on the system.



 16) ``K`` if the kernel has been live patched.



The primary reason for the **'Tainted: '** string is to tell kernel

debuggers if this is a clean kernel or if anything unusual has

occurred.  Tainting is permanent: even if an offending module is

unloaded, the tainted value remains to indicate that the kernel is not

trustworthy.