dm crypt: fix crash by adding missing check for auth key size

If dm-crypt uses authenticated mode with separate MAC, there are two
concatenated part of the key structure - key(s) for encryption and
authentication key.

Add a missing check for authenticated key length.  If this key length is
smaller than actually provided key, dm-crypt now properly fails instead
of crashing.

Fixes: ef43aa38 ("dm crypt: add cryptographic data integrity protection (authenticated encryption)")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # 4.12+
Reported-by: Salah Coronya <salahx@yahoo.com>
Signed-off-by: Milan Broz <gmazyland@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>