i2c: slave: add error messages to slave core

Inform users what went wrong from the core, so drivers don't have to do
it.

Signed-off-by: Wolfram Sang <wsa+renesas@sang-engineering.com>
Acked-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert+renesas@glider.be>
Signed-off-by: Wolfram Sang <wsa@the-dreams.de>