[POWERPC] Fix typos in booting-without-of.txt

                           and property data. The old style variable

                           alignment would make it impossible to do

                           "simple" insertion of properties using

                           memove (thanks Milton for

                           memmove (thanks Milton for

                           noticing). Updated kernel patch as well

			 - Correct a few more alignment constraints

			 - Add a chapter about the device-tree

 ToDo:

	- Add some definitions of interrupt tree (simple/complex)

	- Add some definitions for pci host bridges

	- Add some definitions for PCI host bridges

	- Add some common address format examples

	- Add definitions for standard properties and "compatible"

	  names for cells that are not already defined by the existing

        forth words isn't required), you can enter the kernel with:

              r5 : OF callback pointer as defined by IEEE 1275

              bindings to powerpc. Only the 32 bit client interface

              bindings to powerpc. Only the 32-bit client interface

              is currently supported

              r3, r4 : address & length of an initrd if any or 0

  for this is to keep kernels on embedded systems small and efficient;

  part of this is due to the fact the code is already that way. In the

  future, a kernel may support multiple platforms, but only if the

  platforms feature the same core architectire.  A single kernel build

  platforms feature the same core architecture.  A single kernel build

  cannot support both configurations with Book E and configurations

  with classic Powerpc architectures.

  enable another config option to select the specific board

  supported.

NOTE: If ben doesn't merge the setup files, may need to change this to

NOTE: If Ben doesn't merge the setup files, may need to change this to

point to setup_32.c

   - off_mem_rsvmap

     This is an offset from the beginning of the header to the start

     of the reserved memory map. This map is a list of pairs of 64

     of the reserved memory map. This map is a list of pairs of 64-

     bit integers. Each pair is a physical address and a size. The

     list is terminated by an entry of size 0. This map provides the

     kernel with a list of physical memory areas that are "reserved"

     and thus not to be used for memory allocations, especially during

     contain _at least_ this DT block itself (header,total_size). If

     you are passing an initrd to the kernel, you should reserve it as

     well. You do not need to reserve the kernel image itself. The map

     should be 64 bit aligned.

     should be 64-bit aligned.

   - version

interrupt tree which will be described in a further version of this

document.

This "linux, phandle" property is a 32 bit value that uniquely

This "linux, phandle" property is a 32-bit value that uniquely

identifies a node. You are free to use whatever values or system of

values, internal pointers, or whatever to generate these, the only

requirement is that every node for which you provide that property has

designates a node followed by the node unit name. Properties are

presented with their name followed by their content. "content"

represents an ASCII string (zero terminated) value, while <content>

represents a 32 bit hexadecimal value. The various nodes in this

represents a 32-bit hexadecimal value. The various nodes in this

example will be discussed in a later chapter. At this point, it is

only meant to give you a idea of what a device-tree looks like. I have

purposefully kept the "name" and "linux,phandle" properties which

     * [align gap to next 4 bytes boundary]

     * for each property:

        * token OF_DT_PROP (that is 0x00000003)

        * 32 bit value of property value size in bytes (or 0 of no

     * value)

        * 32 bit value of offset in string block of property name

        * 32-bit value of property value size in bytes (or 0 if no

          value)

        * 32-bit value of offset in string block of property name

        * property value data if any

        * [align gap to next 4 bytes boundary]

     * [child nodes if any]

     * token OF_DT_END_NODE (that is 0x00000002)

So the node content can be summarised as a start token, a full path,

So the node content can be summarized as a start token, a full path,

a list of properties, a list of child nodes, and an end token. Every

child node is a full node structure itself as defined above.

----------------------------------------------

The general rule is documented in the various Open Firmware

documentations. If you chose to describe a bus with the device-tree

documentations. If you choose to describe a bus with the device-tree

and there exist an OF bus binding, then you should follow the

specification. However, the kernel does not require every single

device or bus to be described by the device tree.

on the processor bus.

Those 2 properties define 'cells' for representing an address and a

size. A "cell" is a 32 bit number. For example, if both contain 2

size. A "cell" is a 32-bit number. For example, if both contain 2

like the example tree given above, then an address and a size are both

composed of 2 cells, and each is a 64 bit number (cells are

composed of 2 cells, and each is a 64-bit number (cells are

concatenated and expected to be in big endian format). Another example

is the way Apple firmware defines them, with 2 cells for an address

and one cell for a size.  Most 32-bit implementations should define

The "reg" property only defines addresses and sizes (if #size-cells

is non-0) within a given bus. In order to translate addresses upward

(that is into parent bus addresses, and possibly into cpu physical

(that is into parent bus addresses, and possibly into CPU physical

addresses), all busses must contain a "ranges" property. If the

"ranges" property is missing at a given level, it's assumed that

translation isn't possible. The format of the "ranges" property for a

PCI<->ISA bridge, that would be a PCI address. It defines the base

address in the parent bus where the beginning of that range is mapped.

For a new 64 bit powerpc board, I recommend either the 2/2 format or

For a new 64-bit powerpc board, I recommend either the 2/2 format or

Apple's 2/1 format which is slightly more compact since sizes usually

fit in a single 32 bit word.   New 32 bit powerpc boards should use a

fit in a single 32-bit word.   New 32-bit powerpc boards should use a

1/1 format, unless the processor supports physical addresses greater

than 32-bits, in which case a 2/1 format is recommended.

  Required properties:

    - device_type : has to be "cpu"

    - reg : This is the physical cpu number, it's a single 32 bit cell

    - reg : This is the physical CPU number, it's a single 32-bit cell

      and is also used as-is as the unit number for constructing the

      unit name in the full path. For example, with 2 CPUs, you would

      have the full path:

      the kernel timebase/decrementer calibration based on this

      value.

    - clock-frequency : a cell indicating the CPU core clock frequency

      in Hz. A new property will be defined for 64 bit values, but if

      in Hz. A new property will be defined for 64-bit values, but if

      your frequency is < 4Ghz, one cell is enough. Here as well as

      for the above, the common code doesn't use that property, but

      you are welcome to re-use the pSeries or Maple one. A future

  The SOC node may contain child nodes for each SOC device that the

  platform uses.  Nodes should not be created for devices which exist

  on the SOC but are not used by a particular platform. See chapter VI

  for more information on how to specify devices that are part of an

SOC.

  for more information on how to specify devices that are part of a SOC.

  Example SOC node for the MPC8540:

        [-o output-filename] [-V output_version] input_filename

The "output_version" defines what versio of the "blob" format will be

The "output_version" defines what version of the "blob" format will be

generated. Supported versions are 1,2,3 and 16. The default is

currently version 3 but that may change in the future to version 16.

				 */

  property2 = <1234abcd>;	/* define a property containing a

                                 * numerical 32 bits value (hexadecimal)

                                 * numerical 32-bit value (hexadecimal)

				 */

  property3 = <12345678 12345678 deadbeef>;

                                /* define a property containing 3

                                 * numerical 32 bits values (cells) in

                                 * numerical 32-bit values (cells) in

                                 * hexadecimal

				 */

  property4 = [0a 0b 0c 0d de ea ad be ef];

    its usage in early_init_devtree(), and the corresponding various

    early_init_dt_scan_*() callbacks. That code can be re-used in a

    GPL bootloader, and as the author of that code, I would be happy

    to discuss possible free licencing to any vendor who wishes to

    to discuss possible free licensing to any vendor who wishes to

    integrate all or part of this code into a non-GPL bootloader.

=======================================

Many companies are now starting to develop system-on-a-chip

processors, where the processor core (cpu) and many peripheral devices

processors, where the processor core (CPU) and many peripheral devices

exist on a single piece of silicon.  For these SOCs, an SOC node

should be used that defines child nodes for the devices that make

up the SOC. While platforms are not required to use this model in

   and additions :  

   Required properties :

    - compatible : Should be "fsl-usb2-mph" for multi port host usb

      controllers, or "fsl-usb2-dr" for dual role usb controllers

    - phy_type : For multi port host usb controllers, should be one of

      "ulpi", or "serial". For dual role usb controllers, should be

    - compatible : Should be "fsl-usb2-mph" for multi port host USB

      controllers, or "fsl-usb2-dr" for dual role USB controllers

    - phy_type : For multi port host USB controllers, should be one of

      "ulpi", or "serial". For dual role USB controllers, should be

      one of "ulpi", "utmi", "utmi_wide", or "serial".

    - reg : Offset and length of the register set for the device

    - port0 : boolean; if defined, indicates port0 is connected for

    - interrupt-parent : the phandle for the interrupt controller that

      services interrupts for this device.

   Example multi port host usb controller device node : 

   Example multi port host USB controller device node :

	usb@22000 {

	        device_type = "usb";

		compatible = "fsl-usb2-mph";

		port1;

	};

   Example dual role usb controller device node : 

   Example dual role USB controller device node :

	usb@23000 {

		device_type = "usb";

		compatible = "fsl-usb2-dr";

    - channel-fifo-len : An integer representing the number of

      descriptor pointers each channel fetch fifo can hold.

    - exec-units-mask : The bitmask representing what execution units

      (EUs) are available. It's a single 32 bit cell. EU information

      (EUs) are available. It's a single 32-bit cell. EU information

      should be encoded following the SEC's Descriptor Header Dword

      EU_SEL0 field documentation, i.e. as follows:

      bits 8 through 31 are reserved for future SEC EUs.

    - descriptor-types-mask : The bitmask representing what descriptors

      are available. It's a single 32 bit cell. Descriptor type

      are available. It's a single 32-bit cell. Descriptor type

      information should be encoded following the SEC's Descriptor

      Header Dword DESC_TYPE field documentation, i.e. as follows:

   Required properties:

   - device_type : should be "spi".

   - compatible : should be "fsl_spi".

   - mode : the spi operation mode, it can be "cpu" or "qe".

   - mode : the SPI operation mode, it can be "cpu" or "qe".

   - reg : Offset and length of the register set for the device

   - interrupts : <a b> where a is the interrupt number and b is a

     field that represents an encoding of the sense and level

     - partitions : Several pairs of 32-bit values where the first value is

       partition's offset from the start of the device and the second one is

       partition size in bytes with LSB used to signify a read only

       partition (so, the parition size should always be an even number).

       partition (so, the partition size should always be an even number).

     - partition-names : The list of concatenated zero terminated strings

       representing the partition names.

     - probe-type : The type of probe which should be done for the chip