Documentation/networking: Add net DIM documentation

Net DIM - Generic Network Dynamic Interrupt Moderation

======================================================

Author:

	Tal Gilboa <talgi@mellanox.com>

Contents

=========

- Assumptions

- Introduction

- The Net DIM Algorithm

- Registering a Network Device to DIM

- Example

Part 0: Assumptions

======================

This document assumes the reader has basic knowledge in network drivers

and in general interrupt moderation.

Part I: Introduction

======================

Dynamic Interrupt Moderation (DIM) (in networking) refers to changing the

interrupt moderation configuration of a channel in order to optimize packet

processing. The mechanism includes an algorithm which decides if and how to

change moderation parameters for a channel, usually by performing an analysis on

runtime data sampled from the system. Net DIM is such a mechanism. In each

iteration of the algorithm, it analyses a given sample of the data, compares it

to the previous sample and if required, it can decide to change some of the

interrupt moderation configuration fields. The data sample is composed of data

bandwidth, the number of packets and the number of events. The time between

samples is also measured. Net DIM compares the current and the previous data and

returns an adjusted interrupt moderation configuration object. In some cases,

the algorithm might decide not to change anything. The configuration fields are

the minimum duration (microseconds) allowed between events and the maximum

number of wanted packets per event. The Net DIM algorithm ascribes importance to

increase bandwidth over reducing interrupt rate.

Part II: The Net DIM Algorithm

===============================

Each iteration of the Net DIM algorithm follows these steps:

1. Calculates new data sample.

2. Compares it to previous sample.

3. Makes a decision - suggests interrupt moderation configuration fields.

4. Applies a schedule work function, which applies suggested configuration.

The first two steps are straightforward, both the new and the previous data are

supplied by the driver registered to Net DIM. The previous data is the new data

supplied to the previous iteration. The comparison step checks the difference

between the new and previous data and decides on the result of the last step.

A step would result as "better" if bandwidth increases and as "worse" if

bandwidth reduces. If there is no change in bandwidth, the packet rate is

compared in a similar fashion - increase == "better" and decrease == "worse".

In case there is no change in the packet rate as well, the interrupt rate is

compared. Here the algorithm tries to optimize for lower interrupt rate so an

increase in the interrupt rate is considered "worse" and a decrease is

considered "better". Step #2 has an optimization for avoiding false results: it

only considers a difference between samples as valid if it is greater than a

certain percentage. Also, since Net DIM does not measure anything by itself, it

assumes the data provided by the driver is valid.

Step #3 decides on the suggested configuration based on the result from step #2

and the internal state of the algorithm. The states reflect the "direction" of

the algorithm: is it going left (reducing moderation), right (increasing

moderation) or standing still. Another optimization is that if a decision

to stay still is made multiple times, the interval between iterations of the

algorithm would increase in order to reduce calculation overhead. Also, after

"parking" on one of the most left or most right decisions, the algorithm may

decide to verify this decision by taking a step in the other direction. This is

done in order to avoid getting stuck in a "deep sleep" scenario. Once a

decision is made, an interrupt moderation configuration is selected from

the predefined profiles.

The last step is to notify the registered driver that it should apply the

suggested configuration. This is done by scheduling a work function, defined by

the Net DIM API and provided by the registered driver.

As you can see, Net DIM itself does not actively interact with the system. It

would have trouble making the correct decisions if the wrong data is supplied to

it and it would be useless if the work function would not apply the suggested

configuration. This does, however, allow the registered driver some room for

manoeuvre as it may provide partial data or ignore the algorithm suggestion

under some conditions.

Part III: Registering a Network Device to DIM

==============================================

Net DIM API exposes the main function net_dim(struct net_dim *dim,

struct net_dim_sample end_sample). This function is the entry point to the Net

DIM algorithm and has to be called every time the driver would like to check if

it should change interrupt moderation parameters. The driver should provide two

data structures: struct net_dim and struct net_dim_sample. Struct net_dim

describes the state of DIM for a specific object (RX queue, TX queue,

other queues, etc.). This includes the current selected profile, previous data

samples, the callback function provided by the driver and more.

Struct net_dim_sample describes a data sample, which will be compared to the

data sample stored in struct net_dim in order to decide on the algorithm's next

step. The sample should include bytes, packets and interrupts, measured by

the driver.

In order to use Net DIM from a networking driver, the driver needs to call the

main net_dim() function. The recommended method is to call net_dim() on each

interrupt. Since Net DIM has a built-in moderation and it might decide to skip

iterations under certain conditions, there is no need to moderate the net_dim()

calls as well. As mentioned above, the driver needs to provide an object of type

struct net_dim to the net_dim() function call. It is advised for each entity

using Net DIM to hold a struct net_dim as part of its data structure and use it

as the main Net DIM API object. The struct net_dim_sample should hold the latest

bytes, packets and interrupts count. No need to perform any calculations, just

include the raw data.

The net_dim() call itself does not return anything. Instead Net DIM relies on

the driver to provide a callback function, which is called when the algorithm

decides to make a change in the interrupt moderation parameters. This callback

will be scheduled and run in a separate thread in order not to add overhead to

the data flow. After the work is done, Net DIM algorithm needs to be set to

the proper state in order to move to the next iteration.

Part IV: Example

=================

The following code demonstrates how to register a driver to Net DIM. The actual

usage is not complete but it should make the outline of the usage clear.

my_driver.c:

#include <linux/net_dim.h>

/* Callback for net DIM to schedule on a decision to change moderation */

void my_driver_do_dim_work(struct work_struct *work)

{

	/* Get struct net_dim from struct work_struct */

	struct net_dim *dim = container_of(work, struct net_dim,

					   work);

	/* Do interrupt moderation related stuff */

	...

	/* Signal net DIM work is done and it should move to next iteration */

	dim->state = NET_DIM_START_MEASURE;

}

/* My driver's interrupt handler */

int my_driver_handle_interrupt(struct my_driver_entity *my_entity, ...)

{

	...

	/* A struct to hold current measured data */

	struct net_dim_sample dim_sample;

	...

	/* Initiate data sample struct with current data */

	net_dim_sample(my_entity->events,

		       my_entity->packets,

		       my_entity->bytes,

		       &dim_sample);

	/* Call net DIM */

	net_dim(&my_entity->dim, dim_sample);

	...

}

/* My entity's initialization function (my_entity was already allocated) */

int my_driver_init_my_entity(struct my_driver_entity *my_entity, ...)

{

	...

	/* Initiate struct work_struct with my driver's callback function */

	INIT_WORK(&my_entity->dim.work, my_driver_do_dim_work);

	...

}