Merge branch 'sched-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip

                           ====================

                           Energy Model of CPUs

                           ====================

1. Overview

-----------

The Energy Model (EM) framework serves as an interface between drivers knowing

the power consumed by CPUs at various performance levels, and the kernel

subsystems willing to use that information to make energy-aware decisions.

The source of the information about the power consumed by CPUs can vary greatly

from one platform to another. These power costs can be estimated using

devicetree data in some cases. In others, the firmware will know better.

Alternatively, userspace might be best positioned. And so on. In order to avoid

each and every client subsystem to re-implement support for each and every

possible source of information on its own, the EM framework intervenes as an

abstraction layer which standardizes the format of power cost tables in the

kernel, hence enabling to avoid redundant work.

The figure below depicts an example of drivers (Arm-specific here, but the

approach is applicable to any architecture) providing power costs to the EM

framework, and interested clients reading the data from it.

       +---------------+  +-----------------+  +---------------+

       | Thermal (IPA) |  | Scheduler (EAS) |  |     Other     |

       +---------------+  +-----------------+  +---------------+

               |                   | em_pd_energy()    |

               |                   | em_cpu_get()      |

               +---------+         |         +---------+

                         |         |         |

                         v         v         v

                        +---------------------+

                        |    Energy Model     |

                        |     Framework       |

                        +---------------------+

                           ^       ^       ^

                           |       |       | em_register_perf_domain()

                +----------+       |       +---------+

                |                  |                 |

        +---------------+  +---------------+  +--------------+

        |  cpufreq-dt   |  |   arm_scmi    |  |    Other     |

        +---------------+  +---------------+  +--------------+

                ^                  ^                 ^

                |                  |                 |

        +--------------+   +---------------+  +--------------+

        | Device Tree  |   |   Firmware    |  |      ?       |

        +--------------+   +---------------+  +--------------+

The EM framework manages power cost tables per 'performance domain' in the

system. A performance domain is a group of CPUs whose performance is scaled

together. Performance domains generally have a 1-to-1 mapping with CPUFreq

policies. All CPUs in a performance domain are required to have the same

micro-architecture. CPUs in different performance domains can have different

micro-architectures.

2. Core APIs

------------

  2.1 Config options

CONFIG_ENERGY_MODEL must be enabled to use the EM framework.

  2.2 Registration of performance domains

Drivers are expected to register performance domains into the EM framework by

calling the following API:

  int em_register_perf_domain(cpumask_t *span, unsigned int nr_states,

			      struct em_data_callback *cb);

Drivers must specify the CPUs of the performance domains using the cpumask

argument, and provide a callback function returning <frequency, power> tuples

for each capacity state. The callback function provided by the driver is free

to fetch data from any relevant location (DT, firmware, ...), and by any mean

deemed necessary. See Section 3. for an example of driver implementing this

callback, and kernel/power/energy_model.c for further documentation on this

API.

  2.3 Accessing performance domains

Subsystems interested in the energy model of a CPU can retrieve it using the

em_cpu_get() API. The energy model tables are allocated once upon creation of

the performance domains, and kept in memory untouched.

The energy consumed by a performance domain can be estimated using the

em_pd_energy() API. The estimation is performed assuming that the schedutil

CPUfreq governor is in use.

More details about the above APIs can be found in include/linux/energy_model.h.

3. Example driver

-----------------

This section provides a simple example of a CPUFreq driver registering a

performance domain in the Energy Model framework using the (fake) 'foo'

protocol. The driver implements an est_power() function to be provided to the

EM framework.

 -> drivers/cpufreq/foo_cpufreq.c

01	static int est_power(unsigned long *mW, unsigned long *KHz, int cpu)

02	{

03		long freq, power;

04

05		/* Use the 'foo' protocol to ceil the frequency */

06		freq = foo_get_freq_ceil(cpu, *KHz);

07		if (freq < 0);

08			return freq;

09

10		/* Estimate the power cost for the CPU at the relevant freq. */

11		power = foo_estimate_power(cpu, freq);

12		if (power < 0);

13			return power;

14

15		/* Return the values to the EM framework */

16		*mW = power;

17		*KHz = freq;

18

19		return 0;

20	}

21

22	static int foo_cpufreq_init(struct cpufreq_policy *policy)

23	{

24		struct em_data_callback em_cb = EM_DATA_CB(est_power);

25		int nr_opp, ret;

26

27		/* Do the actual CPUFreq init work ... */

28		ret = do_foo_cpufreq_init(policy);

29		if (ret)

30			return ret;

31

32		/* Find the number of OPPs for this policy */

33		nr_opp = foo_get_nr_opp(policy);

34

35		/* And register the new performance domain */

36		em_register_perf_domain(policy->cpus, nr_opp, &em_cb);

37

38	        return 0;

39	}

- reboot-cmd                  [ SPARC only ]

- rtsig-max

- rtsig-nr

- sched_energy_aware

- seccomp/                    ==> Documentation/userspace-api/seccomp_filter.rst

- sem

- sem_next_id		      [ sysv ipc ]

==============================================================

sched_energy_aware:

Enables/disables Energy Aware Scheduling (EAS). EAS starts

automatically on platforms where it can run (that is,

platforms with asymmetric CPU topologies and having an Energy

Model available). If your platform happens to meet the

requirements for EAS but you do not want to use it, change

this value to 0.

==============================================================

sched_schedstats:

Enables/disables scheduler statistics. Enabling this feature

F:	drivers/net/ppp/pptp.c

W:	http://sourceforge.net/projects/accel-pptp

PREEMPTIBLE KERNEL

M:	Robert Love <rml@tech9.net>

L:	kpreempt-tech@lists.sourceforge.net

W:	https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/rml/preempt-kernel

S:	Supported

F:	Documentation/preempt-locking.txt

F:	include/linux/preempt.h

PRINTK

M:	Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>

M:	Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>

F:	include/linux/sched.h

F:	include/uapi/linux/sched.h

F:	include/linux/wait.h

F:	include/linux/preempt.h

SCR24X CHIP CARD INTERFACE DRIVER

M:	Lubomir Rintel <lkundrak@v3.sk>

	flush_itimer_signals();

#endif

	if (atomic_read(&oldsighand->count) != 1) {

	if (refcount_read(&oldsighand->count) != 1) {

		struct sighand_struct *newsighand;

		/*

		 * This ->sighand is shared with the CLONE_SIGHAND

		if (!newsighand)

			return -ENOMEM;

		atomic_set(&newsighand->count, 1);

		refcount_set(&newsighand->count, 1);

		memcpy(newsighand->action, oldsighand->action,

		       sizeof(newsighand->action));