Merge tag 'v4.20' into for-linus

  - 'protocol_for_each_card'

  - 'protocol_for_each_dev'

  - 'queue_for_each_hw_ctx'

  - 'radix_tree_for_each_contig'

  - 'radix_tree_for_each_slot'

  - 'radix_tree_for_each_tagged'

  - 'rbtree_postorder_for_each_entry_safe'

IndentCaseLabels: false

#IndentPPDirectives: None # Unknown to clang-format-5.0

IndentWidth: 8

IndentWrappedFunctionNames: true

IndentWrappedFunctionNames: false

JavaScriptQuotes: Leave

JavaScriptWrapImports: true

KeepEmptyLinesAtTheStartOfBlocks: false

Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>

Axel Dyks <xl@xlsigned.net>

Axel Lin <axel.lin@gmail.com>

Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org> <bart.vanassche@wdc.com>

Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org> <bart.vanassche@sandisk.com>

Ben Gardner <bgardner@wabtec.com>

Ben M Cahill <ben.m.cahill@intel.com>

Björn Steinbrink <B.Steinbrink@gmx.de>

<javier@osg.samsung.com> <javier.martinez@collabora.co.uk>

Jean Tourrilhes <jt@hpl.hp.com>

Jeff Garzik <jgarzik@pretzel.yyz.us>

Jeff Layton <jlayton@kernel.org> <jlayton@redhat.com>

Jeff Layton <jlayton@kernel.org> <jlayton@poochiereds.net>

Jeff Layton <jlayton@kernel.org> <jlayton@primarydata.com>

Jens Axboe <axboe@suse.de>

Jens Osterkamp <Jens.Osterkamp@de.ibm.com>

Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org> <jhovold@gmail.com>

Mark Yao <markyao0591@gmail.com> <mark.yao@rock-chips.com>

Martin Kepplinger <martink@posteo.de> <martin.kepplinger@theobroma-systems.com>

Martin Kepplinger <martink@posteo.de> <martin.kepplinger@ginzinger.com>

Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> <matthew.r.wilcox@intel.com>

Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> <matthew@wil.cx>

Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> <mawilcox@linuxonhyperv.com>

Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> <mawilcox@microsoft.com>

Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> <willy@debian.org>

Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> <willy@linux.intel.com>

Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> <willy@parisc-linux.org>

Matthieu CASTET <castet.matthieu@free.fr>

Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@kernel.org> <mchehab@brturbo.com.br>

Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@kernel.org> <maurochehab@gmail.com>

Peter Oruba <peter.oruba@amd.com>

Pratyush Anand <pratyush.anand@gmail.com> <pratyush.anand@st.com>

Praveen BP <praveenbp@ti.com>

Punit Agrawal <punitagrawal@gmail.com> <punit.agrawal@arm.com>

Qais Yousef <qsyousef@gmail.com> <qais.yousef@imgtec.com>

Oleksij Rempel <linux@rempel-privat.de> <bug-track@fisher-privat.net>

Oleksij Rempel <linux@rempel-privat.de> <external.Oleksij.Rempel@de.bosch.com>

Oleksij Rempel <linux@rempel-privat.de> <fixed-term.Oleksij.Rempel@de.bosch.com>

Oleksij Rempel <linux@rempel-privat.de> <o.rempel@pengutronix.de>

Oleksij Rempel <linux@rempel-privat.de> <ore@pengutronix.de>

Rajesh Shah <rajesh.shah@intel.com>

Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>

Ralf Wildenhues <Ralf.Wildenhues@gmx.de>

Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org> <rdunlap@xenotime.net>

Rémi Denis-Courmont <rdenis@simphalempin.com>

Ricardo Ribalda Delgado <ricardo.ribalda@gmail.com>

Ross Zwisler <zwisler@kernel.org> <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>

Rudolf Marek <R.Marek@sh.cvut.cz>

Rui Saraiva <rmps@joel.ist.utl.pt>

Sachin P Sant <ssant@in.ibm.com>

Uwe Kleine-König <ukl@pengutronix.de>

Uwe Kleine-König <Uwe.Kleine-Koenig@digi.com>

Valdis Kletnieks <Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu>

Vinod Koul <vkoul@kernel.org> <vinod.koul@intel.com>

Vinod Koul <vkoul@kernel.org> <vinod.koul@linux.intel.com>

Vinod Koul <vkoul@kernel.org> <vkoul@infradead.org>

Viresh Kumar <vireshk@kernel.org> <viresh.kumar@st.com>

Viresh Kumar <vireshk@kernel.org> <viresh.linux@gmail.com>

Viresh Kumar <vireshk@kernel.org> <viresh.kumar2@arm.com>

D: Soundblaster driver fixes, ISAPnP quirk

S: California, USA

N: Jarkko Lavinen

E: jarkko.lavinen@nokia.com

D: OMAP MMC support

N: Jonathan Layes

D: ARPD support

S: North Little Rock, Arkansas 72115

S: USA

N: Christopher Li

E: sparse@chrisli.org

D: Sparse maintainer 2009 - 2018

N: Stephan Linz

E: linz@mazet.de

E: Stephan.Linz@gmx.de

S: Victoria 3163

S: Australia

N: Eric Miao

E: eric.y.miao@gmail.com

D: MMP support

N: Pauline Middelink

E: middelin@polyware.nl

D: General low-level bug fixes, /proc fixes, identd support

S: D-30625 Hannover

S: Germany

N: Ron Minnich

E: rminnich@sandia.gov

E: rminnich@gmail.com

D: 9p filesystem development

N: Corey Minyard

E: minyard@wf-rch.cirr.com

E: minyard@mvista.com

S: Bellevue, Washington 98007

S: USA

N: Haojian Zhuang

E: haojian.zhuang@gmail.com

D: MMP support

N: Richard Zidlicky

E: rz@linux-m68k.org, rdzidlic@geocities.com

W: http://www.geocities.com/rdzidlic

This is a brief list of all the files in ./linux/Documentation and what

they contain. If you add a documentation file, please list it here in

alphabetical order as well, or risk being hunted down like a rabid dog.

Please keep the descriptions small enough to fit on one line.

							 Thanks -- Paul G.

Following translations are available on the WWW:

   - Japanese, maintained by the JF Project (jf@listserv.linux.or.jp), at

     http://linuxjf.sourceforge.jp/

00-INDEX

	- this file.

ABI/

	- info on kernel <-> userspace ABI and relative interface stability.

CodingStyle

	- nothing here, just a pointer to process/coding-style.rst.

DMA-API.txt

	- DMA API, pci_ API & extensions for non-consistent memory machines.

DMA-API-HOWTO.txt

	- Dynamic DMA mapping Guide

DMA-ISA-LPC.txt

	- How to do DMA with ISA (and LPC) devices.

DMA-attributes.txt

	- listing of the various possible attributes a DMA region can have

EDID/

	- directory with info on customizing EDID for broken gfx/displays.

IPMI.txt

	- info on Linux Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI) Driver.

IRQ-affinity.txt

	- how to select which CPU(s) handle which interrupt events on SMP.

IRQ-domain.txt

	- info on interrupt numbering and setting up IRQ domains.

IRQ.txt

	- description of what an IRQ is.

Intel-IOMMU.txt

	- basic info on the Intel IOMMU virtualization support.

Makefile

	- It's not of interest for those who aren't touching the build system.

PCI/

	- info related to PCI drivers.

RCU/

	- directory with info on RCU (read-copy update).

SAK.txt

	- info on Secure Attention Keys.

SM501.txt

	- Silicon Motion SM501 multimedia companion chip

SubmittingPatches

	- nothing here, just a pointer to process/coding-style.rst.

accounting/

	- documentation on accounting and taskstats.

acpi/

	- info on ACPI-specific hooks in the kernel.

admin-guide/

	- info related to Linux users and system admins.

aoe/

	- description of AoE (ATA over Ethernet) along with config examples.

arm/

	- directory with info about Linux on the ARM architecture.

arm64/

	- directory with info about Linux on the 64 bit ARM architecture.

auxdisplay/

	- misc. LCD driver documentation (cfag12864b, ks0108).

backlight/

	- directory with info on controlling backlights in flat panel displays

bcache.txt

	- Block-layer cache on fast SSDs to improve slow (raid) I/O performance.

block/

	- info on the Block I/O (BIO) layer.

blockdev/

	- info on block devices & drivers

bt8xxgpio.txt

	- info on how to modify a bt8xx video card for GPIO usage.

btmrvl.txt

	- info on Marvell Bluetooth driver usage.

bus-devices/

	- directory with info on TI GPMC (General Purpose Memory Controller)

bus-virt-phys-mapping.txt

	- how to access I/O mapped memory from within device drivers.

cachetlb.txt

	- describes the cache/TLB flushing interfaces Linux uses.

cdrom/

	- directory with information on the CD-ROM drivers that Linux has.

cgroup-v1/

	- cgroups v1 features, including cpusets and memory controller.

cgroup-v2.txt

	- cgroups v2 features, including cpusets and memory controller.

circular-buffers.txt

	- how to make use of the existing circular buffer infrastructure

clk.txt

	- info on the common clock framework

cma/

	- Continuous Memory Area (CMA) debugfs interface.

conf.py

	- It's not of interest for those who aren't touching the build system.

connector/

	- docs on the netlink based userspace<->kernel space communication mod.

console/

	- documentation on Linux console drivers.

core-api/

	- documentation on kernel core components.

cpu-freq/

	- info on CPU frequency and voltage scaling.

cpu-hotplug.txt

	- document describing CPU hotplug support in the Linux kernel.

cpu-load.txt

	- document describing how CPU load statistics are collected.

cpuidle/

	- info on CPU_IDLE, CPU idle state management subsystem.

cputopology.txt

	- documentation on how CPU topology info is exported via sysfs.

crc32.txt

	- brief tutorial on CRC computation

crypto/

	- directory with info on the Crypto API.

dcdbas.txt

	- information on the Dell Systems Management Base Driver.

debugging-modules.txt

	- some notes on debugging modules after Linux 2.6.3.

debugging-via-ohci1394.txt

	- how to use firewire like a hardware debugger memory reader.

dell_rbu.txt

	- document demonstrating the use of the Dell Remote BIOS Update driver.

dev-tools/

	- directory with info on development tools for the kernel.

device-mapper/

	- directory with info on Device Mapper.

dmaengine/

	- the DMA engine and controller API guides.

devicetree/

	- directory with info on device tree files used by OF/PowerPC/ARM

digsig.txt

	-info on the Digital Signature Verification API

dma-buf-sharing.txt

	- the DMA Buffer Sharing API Guide

docutils.conf

	- nothing here. Just a configuration file for docutils.

dontdiff

	- file containing a list of files that should never be diff'ed.

driver-api/

	- the Linux driver implementer's API guide.

driver-model/

	- directory with info about Linux driver model.

early-userspace/

	- info about initramfs, klibc, and userspace early during boot.

efi-stub.txt

	- How to use the EFI boot stub to bypass GRUB or elilo on EFI systems.

eisa.txt

	- info on EISA bus support.

extcon/

	- directory with porting guide for Android kernel switch driver.

isa.txt

	- info on EISA bus support.

fault-injection/

	- dir with docs about the fault injection capabilities infrastructure.

fb/

	- directory with info on the frame buffer graphics abstraction layer.

features/

	- status of feature implementation on different architectures.

filesystems/

	- info on the vfs and the various filesystems that Linux supports.

firmware_class/

	- request_firmware() hotplug interface info.

flexible-arrays.txt

	- how to make use of flexible sized arrays in linux

fmc/

	- information about the FMC bus abstraction

fpga/

	- FPGA Manager Core.

futex-requeue-pi.txt

	- info on requeueing of tasks from a non-PI futex to a PI futex

gcc-plugins.txt

	- GCC plugin infrastructure.

gpio/

	- gpio related documentation

gpu/

	- directory with information on GPU driver developer's guide.

hid/

	- directory with information on human interface devices

highuid.txt

	- notes on the change from 16 bit to 32 bit user/group IDs.

hwspinlock.txt

	- hardware spinlock provides hardware assistance for synchronization

timers/

	- info on the timer related topics

hw_random.txt

	- info on Linux support for random number generator in i8xx chipsets.

hwmon/

	- directory with docs on various hardware monitoring drivers.

i2c/

	- directory with info about the I2C bus/protocol (2 wire, kHz speed).

x86/i386/

	- directory with info about Linux on Intel 32 bit architecture.

ia64/

	- directory with info about Linux on Intel 64 bit architecture.

ide/

	- Information regarding the Enhanced IDE drive.

iio/

	- info on industrial IIO configfs support.

index.rst

	- main index for the documentation at ReST format.

infiniband/

	- directory with documents concerning Linux InfiniBand support.

input/

	- info on Linux input device support.

intel_txt.txt

	- info on intel Trusted Execution Technology (intel TXT).

io-mapping.txt

	- description of io_mapping functions in linux/io-mapping.h

io_ordering.txt

	- info on ordering I/O writes to memory-mapped addresses.

ioctl/

	- directory with documents describing various IOCTL calls.

iostats.txt

	- info on I/O statistics Linux kernel provides.

irqflags-tracing.txt

	- how to use the irq-flags tracing feature.

isapnp.txt

	- info on Linux ISA Plug & Play support.

isdn/

	- directory with info on the Linux ISDN support, and supported cards.

kbuild/

	- directory with info about the kernel build process.

kdump/

	- directory with mini HowTo on getting the crash dump code to work.

doc-guide/

	- how to write and format reStructuredText kernel documentation

kernel-per-CPU-kthreads.txt

	- List of all per-CPU kthreads and how they introduce jitter.

kobject.txt

	- info of the kobject infrastructure of the Linux kernel.

kprobes.txt

	- documents the kernel probes debugging feature.

kref.txt

	- docs on adding reference counters (krefs) to kernel objects.

laptops/

	- directory with laptop related info and laptop driver documentation.

ldm.txt

	- a brief description of LDM (Windows Dynamic Disks).

leds/

	- directory with info about LED handling under Linux.

livepatch/

	- info on kernel live patching.

locking/

	- directory with info about kernel locking primitives

lockup-watchdogs.txt

	- info on soft and hard lockup detectors (aka nmi_watchdog).

logo.gif

	- full colour GIF image of Linux logo (penguin - Tux).

logo.txt

	- info on creator of above logo & site to get additional images from.

lsm.txt

	- Linux Security Modules: General Security Hooks for Linux

lzo.txt

	- kernel LZO decompressor input formats

m68k/

	- directory with info about Linux on Motorola 68k architecture.

mailbox.txt

	- How to write drivers for the common mailbox framework (IPC).

md/

	- directory with info about Linux Software RAID

media/

	- info on media drivers: uAPI, kAPI and driver documentation.

memory-barriers.txt

	- info on Linux kernel memory barriers.

memory-devices/

	- directory with info on parts like the Texas Instruments EMIF driver

memory-hotplug.txt

	- Hotpluggable memory support, how to use and current status.

men-chameleon-bus.txt

	- info on MEN chameleon bus.

mic/

	- Intel Many Integrated Core (MIC) architecture device driver.

mips/

	- directory with info about Linux on MIPS architecture.

misc-devices/

	- directory with info about devices using the misc dev subsystem

mmc/

	- directory with info about the MMC subsystem

mtd/

	- directory with info about memory technology devices (flash)

namespaces/

	- directory with various information about namespaces

netlabel/

	- directory with information on the NetLabel subsystem.

networking/

	- directory with info on various aspects of networking with Linux.

nfc/

	- directory relating info about Near Field Communications support.

nios2/

	- Linux on the Nios II architecture.

nommu-mmap.txt

	- documentation about no-mmu memory mapping support.

numastat.txt

	- info on how to read Numa policy hit/miss statistics in sysfs.

ntb.txt

	- info on Non-Transparent Bridge (NTB) drivers.

nvdimm/

	- info on non-volatile devices.

nvmem/

	- info on non volatile memory framework.

output/

	- default directory where html/LaTeX/pdf files will be written.

padata.txt

	- An introduction to the "padata" parallel execution API

parisc/

	- directory with info on using Linux on PA-RISC architecture.

parport-lowlevel.txt

	- description and usage of the low level parallel port functions.

pcmcia/

	- info on the Linux PCMCIA driver.

percpu-rw-semaphore.txt

	- RCU based read-write semaphore optimized for locking for reading

perf/

	- info about the APM X-Gene SoC Performance Monitoring Unit (PMU).

phy/

	- ino on Samsung USB 2.0 PHY adaptation layer.

phy.txt

	- Description of the generic PHY framework.

pi-futex.txt

	- documentation on lightweight priority inheritance futexes.

pinctrl.txt

	- info on pinctrl subsystem and the PINMUX/PINCONF and drivers

platform/

	- List of supported hardware by compal and Dell laptop.

pnp.txt

	- Linux Plug and Play documentation.

power/

	- directory with info on Linux PCI power management.

powerpc/

	- directory with info on using Linux with the PowerPC.

prctl/

	- directory with info on the priveledge control subsystem

preempt-locking.txt

	- info on locking under a preemptive kernel.

process/

	- how to work with the mainline kernel development process.

pps/

	- directory with information on the pulse-per-second support

pti/

	- directory with info on Intel MID PTI.

ptp/

	- directory with info on support for IEEE 1588 PTP clocks in Linux.

pwm.txt

	- info on the pulse width modulation driver subsystem

rapidio/

	- directory with info on RapidIO packet-based fabric interconnect

rbtree.txt

	- info on what red-black trees are and what they are for.

remoteproc.txt

	- info on how to handle remote processor (e.g. AMP) offloads/usage.

rfkill.txt

	- info on the radio frequency kill switch subsystem/support.

robust-futex-ABI.txt

	- documentation of the robust futex ABI.

robust-futexes.txt

	- a description of what robust futexes are.

rpmsg.txt

	- info on the Remote Processor Messaging (rpmsg) Framework

rtc.txt

	- notes on how to use the Real Time Clock (aka CMOS clock) driver.

s390/

	- directory with info on using Linux on the IBM S390.

scheduler/

	- directory with info on the scheduler.

scsi/

	- directory with info on Linux scsi support.

security/

	- directory that contains security-related info

serial/

	- directory with info on the low level serial API.

sgi-ioc4.txt

	- description of the SGI IOC4 PCI (multi function) device.

sh/

	- directory with info on porting Linux to a new architecture.

smsc_ece1099.txt

	-info on the smsc Keyboard Scan Expansion/GPIO Expansion device.

sound/

	- directory with info on sound card support.

spi/

	- overview of Linux kernel Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) support.

sphinx/

	- no documentation here, just files required by Sphinx toolchain.

sphinx-static/

	- no documentation here, just files required by Sphinx toolchain.

static-keys.txt

	- info on how static keys allow debug code in hotpaths via patching

svga.txt

	- short guide on selecting video modes at boot via VGA BIOS.

sync_file.txt

	- Sync file API guide.

sysctl/

	- directory with info on the /proc/sys/* files.

target/

	- directory with info on generating TCM v4 fabric .ko modules

tee.txt

	- info on the TEE subsystem and drivers

this_cpu_ops.txt

	- List rationale behind and the way to use this_cpu operations.

thermal/

	- directory with information on managing thermal issues (CPU/temp)

trace/

	- directory with info on tracing technologies within linux

translations/

	- translations of this document from English to another language

unaligned-memory-access.txt

	- info on how to avoid arch breaking unaligned memory access in code.

unshare.txt

	- description of the Linux unshare system call.

usb/

	- directory with info regarding the Universal Serial Bus.

vfio.txt

	- info on Virtual Function I/O used in guest/hypervisor instances.

video-output.txt

	- sysfs class driver interface to enable/disable a video output device.

virtual/

	- directory with information on the various linux virtualizations.

vm/

	- directory with info on the Linux vm code.

w1/

	- directory with documents regarding the 1-wire (w1) subsystem.

watchdog/

	- how to auto-reboot Linux if it has "fallen and can't get up". ;-)

wimax/

	- directory with info about Intel Wireless Wimax Connections

core-api/workqueue.rst

	- information on the Concurrency Managed Workqueue implementation

x86/x86_64/

	- directory with info on Linux support for AMD x86-64 (Hammer) machines.

xillybus.txt

	- Overview and basic ui of xillybus driver

xtensa/

	- directory with documents relating to arch/xtensa port/implementation

xz.txt

	- how to make use of the XZ data compression within linux kernel

zorro.txt

	- info on writing drivers for Zorro bus devices found on Amigas.

These files are deprecated and will be removed. The same files are available

under /sys/bus/typec (see Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-typec).

What:		/sys/class/typec/<port|partner|cable>/<dev>/svid

Date:		April 2017

Contact:	Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>

Description:

		The SVID (Standard or Vendor ID) assigned by USB-IF for this

		alternate mode.

What:		/sys/class/typec/<port|partner|cable>/<dev>/mode<index>/

Date:		April 2017

Contact:	Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>

Description:

		Every supported mode will have its own directory. The name of

		a mode will be "mode<index>" (for example mode1), where <index>

		is the actual index to the mode VDO returned by Discover Modes

		USB power delivery command.

What:		/sys/class/typec/<port|partner|cable>/<dev>/mode<index>/description

Date:		April 2017

Contact:	Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>

Description:

		Shows description of the mode. The description is optional for

		the drivers, just like with the Billboard Devices.

What:		/sys/class/typec/<port|partner|cable>/<dev>/mode<index>/vdo

Date:		April 2017

Contact:	Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>

Description:

		Shows the VDO in hexadecimal returned by Discover Modes command

		for this mode.

What:		/sys/class/typec/<port|partner|cable>/<dev>/mode<index>/active

Date:		April 2017

Contact:	Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com>

Description:

		Shows if the mode is active or not. The attribute can be used

		for entering/exiting the mode with partners and cable plugs, and

		with the port alternate modes it can be used for disabling

		support for specific alternate modes. Entering/exiting modes is

		supported as synchronous operation so write(2) to the attribute

		does not return until the enter/exit mode operation has

		finished. The attribute is notified when the mode is

		entered/exited so poll(2) on the attribute wakes up.

		Entering/exiting a mode will also generate uevent KOBJ_CHANGE.

		Valid values: yes, no