Squashfs: add sanity checks to fragment reading at mount time

Fsfuzzer generates corrupted filesystems which throw a warn_on in
kmalloc.  One of these is due to a corrupted superblock fragments field.
Fix this by checking that the number of bytes to be read (and allocated)
does not extend into the next filesystem structure.

Also add a couple of other sanity checks of the mount-time fragment table
structures.

Signed-off-by: Phillip Lougher <phillip@lougher.demon.co.uk>